Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Ficewar ƙasashen Mali, Nijar da Burkina Faso daga ƙungiyar Ecowas a ranar Laraba bayan kwashe fiye da shekara guda ana zaman tankiya tsakanin ƙungiyar da ƙasashen guda uku, wani abin da ke nuni da rashin tabbas ga ci gaban ƙungiyar ta Ecowas.
A ranar 29 ga watan Janairu 2024 ne ƙasashen guda uku da shugabannin mulkin soji ke jagoranta suka sanar da ƙungiyar Ecowas a hukumance kan buƙatar ficewar tasu.
To sai dai bisa dokokin Ecowas, ƙasashen na buƙatar sanar da ƙungiyar shekara guda kafin amincewa da ficewar. A ranar Larabar nan ne wa’adin ke cika, bayan dukkan ƙasashen uku sun yi watsi da kiran ƙungiyar ta Ecowas na su ƙara tsawaita zamansu mambobinta na watanni shida domin samo mafita.
Yanzu dai ƙasashen Burkina Faso, Mali da Nijar sun zama ƙawaye inda suka canja suna ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar da suke kira Haɗakar Ƙasashen Sahel (Alliance of Sahel States – AES).
Shugabannin mulkin sojin ƙasashen sun zargi Ecowas da ƙaƙaba musu takunkumi na “rashin imani kuma haramtattu” bayan juyin mulkin da ya kawo su kan karaga. Sun kuma yi amannar cewa ƙungiyar ta Afirka ta Yamma ba ta ba su cikakkiyar gudunmawa ba wajen yaƙar ƴan’adda, suna ganin Ecowas a matsayin ɗan kanzagin tsohuwar uwar gijiyarsu wato Faransa.
Faransa ta kasance abokiyar hamayyar waɗannan ƙasashen da sojoji ke jagoranta, yayin da suka ƙwammace kasancewa tare da ƙasashe irin su Rasha, Turkiyya da Iran.
‘ECOWAS ta raunana’
Ƙungiyar Ecowas ta samu rauni a watan Yulin 2023 bayan juyin mulkin jamhuriyar Nijar. Ecowas ta yi barazanar yin amfani da ƙarfin soji wajen mayar da hamɓararren shugaban ƙasar, Bazoum Mohamed da kuma ƙakaba takunkuman tattalin arziƙi kan jamhuriyar waɗanda yanzu duk an ɗage su.
Ƙasashen uku za su fito da nasu fasfo a ranar Laraba, suna sanar da samar da rundunar sojin haɗin gwiwa guda 5,000 da za su yaƙi masu iƙrarin jihadi a yanki nan ba da jimawa ba.
Ficewar ƙasashen guda uku za ta yi wa Ecowas “illa musamman ta fuskar rikicin siyasa a yankin,” in ji Gilles Yabi, shugaban ƙungiyar Wathi ta ƙwararru a Afirka ta Yamma, kamar yadda ya shaida wa AFP.
Haɗakar ƙasashen guda uku na yankin Sahel, AES, da wasu ƙasashen Ecowas na zaman tankiya. Misali, Nijar ta ƙi amincewa ta buɗe iyakokinta ga jamhuriyar Benin wadda take zargi da bai wa ƴanta’adda mafaka inda suke yin atisaye. Ta kuma zargi Najeriya da kasancewa wani “filin daga na bayan gida” da ka iya yi mata illa.
Dukkanin ƙasashen biyu na Benin da Najeriya sun musanta zarge-zargen maƙwabciyarsu.
Togo da Ghana na zawarcin ƙungiyar AES
Ƙasar Togo ta buɗe tashar jirgin ruwa ga ƙasashen uku na AES sannan tana ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani.
“Togo tana da mafarki mai gajeren zango bisa hasashen da ake da su da suka shafi muradun tattalin arziƙi da zai illata Ecowas.” In ji Yabi.
Ministan harkokin wajen Togo a baya-bayan nan ya faɗi cewa ba su cire ran cewa ƙasar tasu za ta shiga ƙungiyar ta AES ba.
Idan Ecowas ta rasa mamba ta huɗu kamar Togo wadda ke da hanyoyin sufuri na ruwa, “za mu mamakin yadda Ecowas za ta rayu,” in ji Rinaldo Depagne, mataimakin darektan Afirka a ƙungiyar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta ƙasa da ƙasa, ICG.
AES “na ƙoƙarin gamsar da ƙasashe cewa Ecowas ba ta yin komai, sannan za su iya maye gurbinta…” in ji wata majiyar hulɗar jakadanci.
Ghana ƙarƙashin sabon shugaban ƙasarta, John Mahama, tana ƙoƙarin kai wa ƙasashen AES. Dramani Mahama ya gana da shugabanninta sannan ya sanar da cewa zai aike da jakadan na musamman zuwa ƙungiyar.
“Sabon shugaban ƙasar ya banbanta da mutumin da ya gada dangane da matsayar Ghana kan juyin mulkin da ƙasashen suka yi,” in ji Depagne na ICG.
“Tambayoyin da ake yi sune ko za mu iya kasancewa a ƙungiyar AES da Ecowas a lokaci guda?”
‘Sabuwar ECOWAS’
Abin da ya faru ya janyo muhawara kan buƙatar ƙungiyar ta Ecowas “ta sake komawa ga muradanta na asali kan tattalin arziƙi da doka da dimokradiyya,” in ji Yabi.
“Kowa na sane da irin buƙatar yin sauyi ga Ecowas domin cimma ƙungiyar Ecowas ta jama’a,” in ji wani minista na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma wanda ke tattaunawa da shugabannin mulkin sojin AES.
“AES ka iya zama tamkar ɗakin gwaji kuma za ta iya ci gaba da kasancewa mamba amma a sabuwar ƙungiyar Ecowas,” ya yi ƙarin haske.
Duk da raunin da Ecowas ɗin ta samu, Yabi ya ce dole ne mu ƙarfafa dangantaka tsakanin ƙasashen AES da na Ecowas domin “ci gaba da alaƙar tattalin arziƙi” sannan kuma mu fuskanci matsalar tsaro.
Masu iƙrarin Jihadi sun haddasa mutuwar dubban jama’a a Mali, Nijar da Burkina Faso a tsawon shekaru 10 da suka gabata sannan rikicin ya fantsama zuwa ƙasashen ƙungiyar Ecowas kamar Benin da Togo.