Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa (INS) ta fitar da Kidayar Darajar Farashin Kayan Masarufi (IHPC) na watan Afrilu 2026. Lambar ta nuna hanyar tattalin arziki mai ban mamaki: Nijar na fuskantar koma bayan farashi na tarihi na -8.5%. Duk da haka, a kasuwanni, gaskiyar ta gajere ta bayyana ne da bambanci. An duba zurfin nazari kan tazara mai yawa ta tattalin arziki.
Niamey, 21 ga Mayu 2026 — Wannan labarin lamba ne da ya kwantar da hankula ga masana tattalin arziki, amma yana sa iyalai suyi tsumman fuska. A watan Afrilu 2026, darajar farashin kayan masarufi ta kai 98,8. A bayyane wannan kididdiga yana nufin wani yanayi na musamman a cikin UEMOA: Nijar na fuskantar koma baya na farashi, tare da ragewa gaba ɗaya na farashi na 7,5% a cikin shekara guda, yayin da matsakaicin shekara ke raguwa zuwa -8,5%.
Idan aka kwatanta, matsakaicin hadin gwiwa na UEMOA ya sanya iyakar hauhawar farashi zuwa +3%. Saboda haka, Nijar ba kawai yana kasancewa ƙasa ba ne: har ma yana juyawa. A aikace, kwandishan da ya kammala a kan 10,000 FCFA a Afrilu 2025 yanzu yana ɗaukar 9,250 FCFA. Wannan sabuwar damar yana kasancewa musamman daga ƙwararru biyu:
- Ilmi: raguwar maki na -15,5% a farashin makaranta;
- Abinci: raguwar kashi na -15,2% a cikin shekara.
Amma idan aka duba cikin kwanakin guda talatin da suka gabata, al’amarin yana bayyana kamar yana yiwuwa. Barka da shigowa cikin caps na Nijar.
Illar kawar da koma bayan farashi a fuskantar tashin hankali na mai da hatsi
Duk da yake yanayin shekara yana bayyana mai kwantar da hankali, nazarin wata yana bayyana wani gargaɗi. Tsakanin Maris da Afrilu 2026, farashi sun tashi da +0,7%. Wannan tashi har yanzu yana da kyakkyawan gani, amma yana da matuƙar tsanani a cikin kayan abinci na yau da kullum a Nijar.
Saboda haka, man shanu ya karu da +10,1% a cikin watanni guda, yana haifar da tasiri mai zurfi kan kudin abinci na iyalai. A lokaci guda, hatsi marasa sarrafa sun karu da +1,2%, suna kara matsin lamba a kan abinci na asali kamar dawa da sorgho.
Karuwa fiye da 10% a cikin makonni hudu a kan man shanu yana zama gaske fitar da hankali ga kasafin kudin iyalai. Ga gidajen da suke da karancin kudi, inda yawancin kudade ke zuwa kan abinci, wannan matsin yana ma wannan jin dadin da ke tare da kididdigar shekara. Saboda haka, a cikin zahiri, masu saye ba sa sayan yanayin tattalin arziki; suna sayan man shanu, hatsi da kayan masarufi na yau da kullum.
Bincike: me yasa koma bayan farashi ke zama bindiga da gabanin da akwai guba
Daga ina wannan raguwa ta 7,5% a cikin shekara ta fito? Wannan yana da alaƙa da juyin halitta na bude kan iyaku da kuma sauƙin hanyar samarwa bayan tasirin da aka samu a lokacin rikicin 2023-2024. Haka kuma, yanayi na inganci daga gonaki a shekara da ta gabata ya hada. A takaice, tattalin arzikin Nijar yana shan alfanun daga hauhawar farashi da aka samu daga shekaru na damuwar kasuwanci da na tsarawa.
Duk da haka, a cikin tattalin arziki, koma bayan farashi ba koyaushe yana nufin lafiya ba. Duk da yake yana sanar da masu saye jin dadin wadannan, raguwa mai tsawo da kuma karuwa a farashi yana dauke da hadari da yawa.
Hadarin farko yana game da riba ga masu kayayyaki. Lokacin da farashin abinci suka fadi sosai, manoma da masu kiwo suna fuskantar ragin kudaden shiga, wanda zai iya kawo cikas ga samarwa a tsawon lokaci da kuma hana zuba jari a fannin gona.
Hadarin na biyu shine tsayawa a cikin kasuwancin. A cikin yanayi inda farashi ke raguwa sosai, kamfanoni da gidajen da suka fi kudi suna iya jinkirta sayayya ko zuba jari da fatan farashi zasu ragu ƙarin. Wannan tsoro yana rage juyin kudade da kuma hana ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Hukuncin masu nazari
Nijar tana kan hanyar wanda ke da tsayayyar kofar kankara. A gefe guda, rage farashin makaranta da kuma raguwar farashin abinci na shekara suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da tushe na tattalin arzikin ƙasar. A gefe guda, fashewar kwatsam na kayayyaki na asali kamar man shanu yana tunatar da mu cewa kasuwannin suna ci gaba da kasancewa a kan jan hankali ga tasirin samarwa, canje-canje na yanayi da kuma zabe na gida.
Ga hukumomin, kalubalen ba kawai zartar da Nijar ƙasa da iyakar hauhawar farashi da UEMOA ya sanya ba ne. Har ila yau, yana da muhimmanci a matsa da waɗannan mawuyacin hali kan kayan masarufi don tabbatar da cewa sakamakon macroEconomic da INS ya fitar ya zama abune mai ɗorewa ga rayuwar yau da kullum na iyalai a Nijar.